Search results for "joint ventures"

Headquarters’ Control Capacity and the Choice of R&D Organizational Forms Abroad

2013

International audience; Recently, regarding globalization, the decentralization of R&D activities abroad by multinational companies (MNCs) has become important in developed countries. However, academic research has not given this topic sufficient attention. This paper explains how the efficiency of control and incentive mechanisms may affect the choice of organizational forms by MNCs that decentralize their R&D activities abroad. We identify five main organizational forms: wholly owned green-field subsidiary, wholly owned acquired subsidiary, joint venture, cross-licensing agreements, and unilateral licensing agreements. A questionnaire addressed to the R&D managers of American and European…

Imprese collegate e joint ventures

2019

The evolution and functioning of economic and financial markets have influenced the development of various forms of aggregation and entrepreneurial collaboration, aimed at offering goods and services petitive and to face the rules of competition in the comune. In particular, in the discipline of public contracts, the phenomenon of collaboration and the legal flexibility that distinguishes it is peculiar relief: over time, even European law has marked - in national laws - the introduction of disciplines aimed at regulating some forms of collaboration. In this context, moreover, new boundaries related to the scope of application of the principles and the discipline of the entrustments public …

Vähentäjää vähentämässä : Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa

2011

How firm boundaries are drawn

2012

While many studies exist regarding the firm choice to make vs. buy, there has been little study about the choice between make, buy or ally. In this paper we investigate how firms choose among make, buy or make together when they have to organize a particular transaction. In particular we develop theory-based hypothesis that link the theoretical determinants of firm’s boundaries to the governance choice. In order to test such hypothesis we operationalize the main constructs in measurable variables and we collect information for that. The final sample represents 4316 mergers and acquisitions, alliances, and divestitures announced and completed by 88 of the first-ranked 100 members of the 2000…

Allocating cost reducing investments over competing divisions

2007

This paper examines a three-stage model of divisionalization where, first, two parent firms create independent units, second, the parent firms allocate cost reduction levels over these units, and third, the resulting units compete in a Cournot market given their current costs of production. The introduction of the cost reduction phase is shown to reduce the incentives toward divisionalization severely, relative to other existing models. Namely, the scope for divisionalization in equilibrium reduces as the marginal cost of the cost reducing investment decreases, and eventually vanishes. A second-best welfare analysis shows that, for any given market structure, the equilibrium investment deci…

Economic analysis of the international cooperation to face global environmental problems

2013

Because of the doubts about the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol, several scholars have asked whether other types of agreements can be designed to achieve large reductions of GHG emissions. Designing a profitable and stable international environmental agreement (IEA) that deals with the shortcomings of Kyoto-type agreement is the main motivation of this work. One idea would be to focus on technology improvements in order to reduce abatement costs, as this might increase a country's willingness to undertake significant emission reductions. For example, it could be beneficial to supplement a Kyoto-type agreement with technology elements if technological development depends not only on a co…